Standard advice.
Don't attempt to start testing with the go-faster low resistor (your R23). If it won't run without that, suspect a latch-up of the PT2399. With power off, short all its pins out with some metal foil for 10 seconds or so - this to discharge any static build-up in the chip.
Test again in your vibe mode, starting with the minimum LFO depth. If hear signal, increase LFO until you hear pitch warble.
In my experience, the chip doesn't much like running above 21Mhz or so. Can you measure the frequency on pin 5?
I have removed R23 and tried to sweep LFO depth in "Vibrato" mode (so no original signal), but it's doing nothing. It just seems that the attack of the note is lost, but no delay at all. This is what I have at pin 5 of PT2399 - don't mind that reflection from my lamp, it's almost good square signal. Div size is .1us, so I have nine periods at 8 divs. It is 11.25MHz, right? It seems that LFO's not working. I don't see any voltage variation on pin 2.
This is what I have at pin 5:

Also, without R23, pin voltages are like this:
1 5.0
2 2.5
3 0.0
4 0.0
5 2.87
6 2.47
7 0.66
8 0.66
So there's a difference at pins 5, 7 and 8.
Also tried to use another op amp (TL 072 instead of RC 4558), but no difference at all.