Looking at the bottom of the tube, pins toward you, gap up, the pin on the right of the gap is pin one. Proceed clockwise.
With the tube out of the socket, all pins except the heater pins are open circuit.
The heater pins on a 12A*7 are pins 4, 5, and 9. 9 is the center tap. For 12V use, apply 12V between 4 and 5. For 6V use, short 4 and 5 and apply 6V between pin 9 and the shorted 4 and 5.
Hook up your transformer to pins 4 and 5 and measure the voltage. If it's between 13.8 and 10.8, you can use the transformer to light the tube. Note that this MAY still blow out the transformer, even if the tube likes it. It takes 300ma to run the heater this way. I would not run a tube with more than 13.2V on it for more than a few minutes in the interest of long life as high voltages wear out the cathode faster.