All right, I finally finished building everything into the radio chassis last night and got it up and running. I still need to give it a couple tweaks (wired up the tone pots backwards, which is interesting!) but it seems to be working well, with one caveat: The heaters won't heat unless the amp is put into standby before the HV is turned on (I know that this is good practice anyway, but I didn't have this issue on the breadboard. Here's a breakdown of what happens:
When the amp is powered on without being put in standby first, the 12v node of the power supply as well as any node in the circuit that is supposed to be at 12v (i.e. heaters, Nixie supply, even the power switch) drops to 0v. Strangely, however, the HV taps are all about right. This is obviously really screwy and I'm pretty sure it's against the law to make energy from nothing. Anyway, I don't think tubes like that high voltage when they're cold.
If I put the amp in standby as per the mod mentioned a while back in this thread (shorting the emitter and collector of the BJT), the 12v doesn't drop to 0 and the tubes heat up properly. When standby is switched off, the HV comes on as it should and everything works properly.
I'm excited that it works, but I'm curious as to what could be causing this to happen. Does anyone have any ideas?