Hi Taylor - Just curious about your 12 volt supply. Is it regulated? Strange that the 12 volts should fluctuate as you adjust the B+ trimpot. Also, what amperage is it rated at? Mine is 750ma, though I'm thinking of getting a higher rated supply as I think it would give me a higher B+. I've found with that SMPS that it hums if you ask too much of it. With the supply I'm using 190 volts is fine, but any higher and I get hum. I really only get whine if I use a high gain pedal maxed out into the amp, and then only at close to the amp itself being maxed too.
Have you got a heatsink on the IRF740? As without adequate thermal dissipation the MOSFET will heat up and the point at which it introduces hum into the circuit will be lower - which will mean you'll need to lower the B+ with the trimmer. If it's not heatsinked, and with thermally conductive gel, it will evetually burn out I believe.
So, providing the MOSFET is well heatsinked, find a point at which it doesn't introduce hum, then tweak it back by a further 5 volts just to allow to the heat rise from prolonged use.
However, if you're getting switching noise even at low volume there something else wrong somewhere - is the 555's timing cap the correct value?
The intermittent signal would suggest a bad joint as you suggest. Bedtime now in the UK - so until tomorrow!